What does the biological control approach primarily utilize to manage pest populations?

The biological control approach primarily utilizes living organisms or their products to manage pest populations. This method involves the introduction or enhancement of natural enemies of pests, such as predators, parasitoids, pathogens, or competitors. These biological agents can help to reduce pest numbers by preying on them, spreading diseases, or competing for resources. The effectiveness of biological control lies in its reliance on natural ecological processes, which can lead to sustainable pest management without the negative impacts often associated with synthetic chemicals.

In contrast, inorganic fertilizers, synthetic chemicals, and mechanical traps do not fit the definition of biological control. Inorganic fertilizers enhance plant growth but do not address pest populations. Synthetic chemicals, while effective in controlling pests, often lead to resistance and environmental issues. Mechanical traps involve physical methods to capture pests but do not utilize living organisms as a means of control. Thus, the correct choice emphasizes the use of biological agents, which is fundamental to this pest management strategy.